ABRAHAM ACCORDS: PERJANJIAN NORMALISASI ANTARA NEGARA-NEGARA ARAB DAN ISRAEL

Isi Artikel Utama

Laila Rizky Amaliya
Muhammad Hamdan Basyar
Mulawarman Hannase

Abstrak

Abraham Accords stance as one of the most important accord in Middle East between Israel and Arab countries, such as Bahrain, United Arab Emirates, Morocco, and Sudan. Abraham Accords brought out a strong signal of Arab- Israel’s interest changes in Middle East. This agreement remarks the beginning of bilateral strategic cooperation between Arabs and Israel. Economic cooperation became primary mover of the ratification of the accord. By using qualitative method with interpretative analysis, this research aims to explore strategic cooperations between Arabs and Israel in Abraham Accords agreement. By applying national interest and liberalism theory, this study will also focus about economic strategic cooperations between Arabs and Israel and explore its economy cooperation’s forms and prospects. The result shows that normalization pacts between Arabs and Israel are potential platforms to fulfill their most strategic economic interest. Arabs and Israel’s strategic economic interests are based on the same orientation and economic needs which potentially open the gateway for other form of intensive economic strategic cooperation. Beside oil sectors, Arabs and Israel’s economic strategic cooperation are focused on economic diversification agenda which could potentially expand their economic cooperation in non-hydrocarbon sectors. These could potentially impact Arabs and Israel’s economic growth and development.


 

Rincian Artikel

Bagian

Artikel Penelitian

Referensi

Ben-Shabbat, M., & Aaronson, D. (2022). The Abraham Accords, Two Years On: Impressive Progress, Multiple Challenges, and Promising Potential.

Chtatou, M. (2023). The Moroccan-Israeli Geostrategic Relationship: From a Harmonious Past to a Promising Future. Orbis, 67(2), 228–246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orbis.2023.03.006

Çınkara, G., & Coşkun, B. (2023). Mapping the Genesis of the Abraham Accords Elite Preferences, Rising Nationalism, and the Quest for Political Stability. Insight Turkey, 25(Spring 2023), 63–76. https://doi.org/10.25253/99.2023252.5

Creswell, J. (2023). Penelitian Kualitatif dan Desain Riset: Memilih Di Antara Lima Pendekatan (1st ed.). Pustaka Pelajar.

Derajat, A. Z., & Kurniawan, T. (2022). Normalisasi Hubungan Israel dan Arab dalam Konteks Israel-Palestina. Jurnal Ilmiah Hubungan Internasional, 18(2), 133–149. https://doi.org/10.26593/jihi.v18i2.4451.133-149

Elvianti, W., & Sidik, J. D. (2018). The Consignment of Indonesian Migrant Workers in Saudi Arabia and Its Resilience: Examining the Impacts of Indonesia’s Moratorium Policy (2011-2015). Andalas Journal of International Studies (AJIS), 7(1), 14. https://doi.org/10.25077/ajis.7.1.14-32.2018

Giorgio Cafiero. (2023). Three years on, how have the Abraham Accords helped the UAE? http://www.aljazeera.com

Hamdi, W. (n.d.). The Abraham Accords: Reasons, Contexts, and Implications.

Hassib, B., & Shires, J. (2024). Digital recognition: Cybersecurity and internet infrastructure in UAE–Israel diplomacy. International Affairs, 100(6), 2399–2418. https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiae233

Machmudi, Y. (2021). Timur tengah dalam sorotan: Dinamika timur tengah dalam perspektif Indonesia. Bumi Aksara.

Middle East Eyes. (2024, November 14). From spies to free trade: Bahrain and Israel aim to deepen economic ties. Inside Bahrain. https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/spies-free-trade-bahrain-and-israel-aim-deepen-economic-ties

Middle East Monitor. (2022). Israel, Bahrain start talks on free trade agreement. https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20220920-israel-bahrain-start-talks-on-free-trade-agreement/

Ministry. of Justice. (n.d.). Bahrain and Israel strengthen Economic Ties Both Ministries take a step towards the Free Trade Agreements [News]. Retrieved November 26, 2024, from https://www.gov.il/en/pages/economic-ties

Naaz, F. (2024). Role of National Interest. International Politics: Concepts, Theories and Issues. https://doi.org/10.4135/9788132113997.n2

Rahmat. (2024). FOREIGN POLICY CHANGES OF THE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES (UAE) IN THE NORMALISATION OF DIPLOMATCIS RELATIONS WITH ISRAEL. DIPLOMACY AND GLOBAL SECURITY JOURNAL, 1, 895–910. https://doi.org/10.36859/dgsj.v1i1.2970

Ruhiat, F., & Akim. (2020). Klaim Sepihak Donald Trump terhadap Kota Yerusalem sebagai Ibu Kota Israel dalam Perspektif Konstruktivisme. Jurnal Ilmiah Hubungan Internasional. https://doi.org/10.26593/jihi.v16i1.3361.19-30

Rusdiyanta, R. (2022). Pengantar Ilmu Hubungan Internasional (Cetakan ke-1). PT. Rajagrafindo Persada.

Salman, Y. (2024). Tourism and Normalization—The Case of Abraham Accords. Tourism Planning & Development, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2024.2402325

Scott, S. (2021). Liberal International Relations Theory and the Military. Springer International Publishing. https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-030-02866-4_104-1

Siman-Tov, D., & Even, S. (2020). A New Level in the Cyber War between Israel and Iran. Institute for National Security Studies. https://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep25542

Statista. (2022). Value Of Imports From Bahrain to Israel. Statista. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1340959/value-of-imports-from-bahrain-to-israel/

Sugiyono. (2021). Metode Penelitian Kualilatif, Kuantitatif, dan R&D. Alfabeta.

Syed Qandil Abbas, & Fatima, H. (2024). Cyber Security Threats to Iran and its Countermeasures: Defensive and Offensive Cyber Strategies: Defensive and Offensive Cyber Strategies. Journal of Research in Social Sciences, 12(2). https://doi.org/10.52015/jrss.12i2.271

Syed, S., & Ahmed, Z. (2021). Abraham Accords, Indo-Pacific Accord and the US-Led Nexus of Curtailment: Threat to Regional Security, and Joint Counter Strategy. Policy Perspectives, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.13169/polipers.18.1.0025

The Abraham Accords: Israel–Gulf Arab Normalisation. (2020). Strategic Comments, 26(8), iv–v. https://doi.org/10.1080/13567888.2020.1853892

The Cradle. (2022). UAE and Bahrain make up seven percent of Israel’s record waepons sales in 2021. https://thecradle.co/articles-id/4261

Yossef, A. (2021). The Regional Impact of Abraham Accord. Modern War Institute.

Zacky, S. H. (2022). Penguatan Hubungan Bilateral Turki-Israel sebagai Strategi Erdoğan dalam Memelihara Kekuasaannya di Turki.

Zalayat, I., & Guzansky, Y. (2023). Three Years to the Israel-Bahrain Normalization: The Forgotten Peace. https://www.inss.org.il/publication/israel-bahrain-3/